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(...) a romanized Cadwallon, using the same chancellery-language, might have sworn as follows on allying himself with King Penda of Mercia in 632:
Per amur dy Dew ed per salwament dy pobol cristiane ed dy nus tuts, dy yst di inawant, in cant Dew saber ed poder mi duna, sig eo salwerai yst mew fradre Penda, sig cum hom dy drieff sew fradre salwar debe, in ho che ill altertan face, ed cun Edwyn nul plegit nunche prendrai, che willy mewe a yst mew fradre Penda damnuse sî.
V still pronounced as W long after it had become labio-dental V elsewhere; whence Welsh gw as in Gwener (Friday) from (dies) Veneris; gwir (true) from verus, - a change which was effected by the eighth century (later in Cornish and Breton). Secondly, there were idiosyncrasies such as the insertion of W between U and another vowel (e.g. destruo was pronounced destruwo, whence Welsh distrywio 'to destroy', and posuit, 'he placed' was pronounced posuwit (cf. W.clywed) which produced posiit in some inscriptions). Even more remarkable, the same W was inserted between E and O and between E and U. Leo, for example, was pronounced lewo, whence Welsh llew (lion), oleum became olewum W. olew (oil), deus became dewus, W. duw(god; cf. the Gaulish prefix Devo- seen in the name of the Galatian king whom Cicero defended, Deiotarus). Thus, if Brythonic had borrowed the word for boy, puer, Welsh would have had a word like pewyr.
(...) a romanized Cadwallon, using the same chancellery-language, might have sworn as follows on allying himself with King Penda of Mercia in 632:
Per amur dy Dew ed per salwament dy pobol cristiane ed dy nus tuts, dy yst di inawant, in cant Dew saber ed poder mi duna, sig eo salwerai yst mew fradre Penda, sig cum hom dy drieff sew fradre salwar debe, in ho che ill altertan face, ed cun Edwyn nul plegit nunche prendrai, che willy mewe a yst mew fradre Penda damnuse sî.
V still pronounced as W long after it had become labio-dental V elsewhere; whence Welsh gw as in Gwener (Friday) from (dies) Veneris; gwir (true) from verus, - a change which was effected by the eighth century (later in Cornish and Breton). Secondly, there were idiosyncrasies such as the insertion of W between U and another vowel (e.g. destruo was pronounced destruwo, whence Welsh distrywio 'to destroy', and posuit, 'he placed' was pronounced posuwit (cf. W.clywed) which produced posiit in some inscriptions). Even more remarkable, the same W was inserted between E and O and between E and U. Leo, for example, was pronounced lewo, whence Welsh llew (lion), oleum became olewum W. olew (oil), deus became dewus, W. duw(god; cf. the Gaulish prefix Devo- seen in the name of the Galatian king whom Cicero defended, Deiotarus). Thus, if Brythonic had borrowed the word for boy, puer, Welsh would have had a word like pewyr.
But it also has an ancient association with Gaul (see Gallic), and some speculate that this is the source of the word, "on the assumption that the Romans became acquainted with the cock from Gaul, where it was brought by the Phoenicians.
Anthropologists such as Tim White suggest that cannibalism was common in human societies prior to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, based on the large amount of “butchered human" bones found in Neanderthal and other Lower/Middle Paleolithic sites. [Wikipedia: Tim D. White (2006-09-15). "Once were Cannibals". Evolution: A Scientific American Reader.]Afinal, desde os primórdios até hoje, sempre se estabeleceu uma estrutura social em que uns comiam à conta de outros criados para tal - escravos, servos e assalariados, foram apenas aspectos de evolução moral, mas o regresso à selva, sem restrições morais sob as acções, esteve sempre latente. O muro moral, começou por ser trabalho religioso, uma autêntica revolução de consciências, que formou algumas restrições que a selva não impunha... o porco e outros animais foram substituindo outro tipo de sacrifícios.
But it also has an ancient association with Gaul (see Gallic), and some speculate that this is the source of the word, "on the assumption that the Romans became acquainted with the cock from Gaul, where it was brought by the Phoenicians.
Anthropologists such as Tim White suggest that cannibalism was common in human societies prior to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, based on the large amount of “butchered human" bones found in Neanderthal and other Lower/Middle Paleolithic sites. [Wikipedia: Tim D. White (2006-09-15). "Once were Cannibals". Evolution: A Scientific American Reader.]Afinal, desde os primórdios até hoje, sempre se estabeleceu uma estrutura social em que uns comiam à conta de outros criados para tal - escravos, servos e assalariados, foram apenas aspectos de evolução moral, mas o regresso à selva, sem restrições morais sob as acções, esteve sempre latente. O muro moral, começou por ser trabalho religioso, uma autêntica revolução de consciências, que formou algumas restrições que a selva não impunha... o porco e outros animais foram substituindo outro tipo de sacrifícios.
Iuppiter Tonans, aedes (templa, Martial; ναός): a temple on the Capitol, vowed by Augustus in 26 B.C. because of his narrow escape from being struck by lightning during his Cantabrian campaign, and dedicated 1st September, 22 B.C. The name Iuppiter Tonans was a translation of Ζεὺς βροντῶν, which form appears in a Latin transliteration in two inscriptions.
Os Deuses das Lusíadas são muito tolos. Jupiter Tonante dá o Estreito de Magalhães anterior a Vasco da Gama no 2º Canto, e Thetis no 10º Canto dá o Estreio de Magalhães coevo ao mesmo Gama: "O Estreito que se arrea : Com o nome delle agora"!De facto, Macedo tem razão.
Erram os tempos dos verbos e são Deuses que não conhecem nem o presente, nem o passado, nem o futuro.
Mais bonita ficaria a Edição rica das Lusíadas se lhe tirassem esta Oitava.
Polybius of Megalopolis in the Thirty-Fourth Book of his Histories, in speaking of that portion of Iberia called Lusitania, says that there are oak-trees planted deep in the sea, on the fruit of which the tunnies feed and get fat. So that we should not be wrong in calling the tunnies sea-hogs.
The electrogenic properties of electric rays have been known since antiquity. The ancient Greeks used electric rays to numb the pain of childbirth and operations. In his dialogue Meno, Plato has the character Meno accuse Socrates of "stunning" people with his puzzling questions, in a manner similar to the way the torpedo fish stuns with electricity.
Iuppiter Tonans, aedes (templa, Martial; ναός): a temple on the Capitol, vowed by Augustus in 26 B.C. because of his narrow escape from being struck by lightning during his Cantabrian campaign, and dedicated 1st September, 22 B.C. The name Iuppiter Tonans was a translation of Ζεὺς βροντῶν, which form appears in a Latin transliteration in two inscriptions.
Os Deuses das Lusíadas são muito tolos. Jupiter Tonante dá o Estreito de Magalhães anterior a Vasco da Gama no 2º Canto, e Thetis no 10º Canto dá o Estreio de Magalhães coevo ao mesmo Gama: "O Estreito que se arrea : Com o nome delle agora"!De facto, Macedo tem razão.
Erram os tempos dos verbos e são Deuses que não conhecem nem o presente, nem o passado, nem o futuro.
Mais bonita ficaria a Edição rica das Lusíadas se lhe tirassem esta Oitava.
Polybius of Megalopolis in the Thirty-Fourth Book of his Histories, in speaking of that portion of Iberia called Lusitania, says that there are oak-trees planted deep in the sea, on the fruit of which the tunnies feed and get fat. So that we should not be wrong in calling the tunnies sea-hogs.
The electrogenic properties of electric rays have been known since antiquity. The ancient Greeks used electric rays to numb the pain of childbirth and operations. In his dialogue Meno, Plato has the character Meno accuse Socrates of "stunning" people with his puzzling questions, in a manner similar to the way the torpedo fish stuns with electricity.
Codex Calixtinus. Escrito em Cluny no sec XII, Bernard de Clairvaux (Clara Vallis), Cistercenses, foi a ordem de marcha para a iniciação do Calix.
A anterior mudança foi o Callix Ianus, iniciado por Augustus, um Príncipe ou um novo Eneas ou Rómulo, que funda um novo centro a partir do qual se repete a cosmogonia. O Sacramentum por vontade de Augusto é alcançar a convivência da paz entre Roma e os Indios do Ocidente.
Long before arriving at Tchamkhor is seen a column, at the foot of which is the Russian redoubt bearing that name, and forming a kind of square. Opposite to this place, and on a steep acclivity over which the road passes, are the remains of a bridge of three arches, against which rush the rapid waters of the river Tchamkhor.Procurei Tchamkhor sem sucesso, e os nomes Tíflis e Elizabethpol, passaram entretanto a Tbilissi e Ganja (de que já aqui falámos).
The base of the column is fourteen feet square and of equal height, and the columnv itself is extremely lofty, and resembles, though built of brick, that of the Place Vendéme, at Paris. I ascended tothe top of it by an interior staircase, which, though in a very dilapidated state, shows that it has been several times repaired to serve as an observatory in time of war. On some of the stones of the entablature, on which there appears to have been an exterior gallery, are seen some Arabic inscriptions, Which seem to be of a more modern date than the column. Some persons are of opinion that it was built in the time of Pompey, and others in that of Alexander the Great. Be this as it may, the number of ruins that are scattered about this spot seem to establish the conjecture, that this column was once the ornament of a considerable city, now inhabited by a few Cossacks.
An Armenian merchant, whom we met at Tchamkhor, ‘sold to me for five roubles a silver medal bearing the profile of Alexander the Great, which he assured me had been found among the ruins of Tchamkhor.
Codex Calixtinus. Escrito em Cluny no sec XII, Bernard de Clairvaux (Clara Vallis), Cistercenses, foi a ordem de marcha para a iniciação do Calix.
A anterior mudança foi o Callix Ianus, iniciado por Augustus, um Príncipe ou um novo Eneas ou Rómulo, que funda um novo centro a partir do qual se repete a cosmogonia. O Sacramentum por vontade de Augusto é alcançar a convivência da paz entre Roma e os Indios do Ocidente.
Long before arriving at Tchamkhor is seen a column, at the foot of which is the Russian redoubt bearing that name, and forming a kind of square. Opposite to this place, and on a steep acclivity over which the road passes, are the remains of a bridge of three arches, against which rush the rapid waters of the river Tchamkhor.Procurei Tchamkhor sem sucesso, e os nomes Tíflis e Elizabethpol, passaram entretanto a Tbilissi e Ganja (de que já aqui falámos).
The base of the column is fourteen feet square and of equal height, and the columnv itself is extremely lofty, and resembles, though built of brick, that of the Place Vendéme, at Paris. I ascended tothe top of it by an interior staircase, which, though in a very dilapidated state, shows that it has been several times repaired to serve as an observatory in time of war. On some of the stones of the entablature, on which there appears to have been an exterior gallery, are seen some Arabic inscriptions, Which seem to be of a more modern date than the column. Some persons are of opinion that it was built in the time of Pompey, and others in that of Alexander the Great. Be this as it may, the number of ruins that are scattered about this spot seem to establish the conjecture, that this column was once the ornament of a considerable city, now inhabited by a few Cossacks.
An Armenian merchant, whom we met at Tchamkhor, ‘sold to me for five roubles a silver medal bearing the profile of Alexander the Great, which he assured me had been found among the ruins of Tchamkhor.
Furthermore, we learn from the chronicle of Idatius, written in the fifth century, that the Roman Emperor Theodosius was born in the town of Cauca, in the province of Galicia. No one can say with certainty where the town of Cauca was situated, but it is thought to have been somewhere between Braga and the river Minho. Now the word cauca in the language of the ancient Scythians meant "white", and the name of the mountains of Georgia which divide Europe from Asia is "Caucasus", said to have been given to them on account of their peaks being eternally "white" with snow. So here we have at least one Asiatic Iberian name given to a town of Galicia, and we should in all probability find others were we to begin to search for them.
The Iberians of the Caucasus are believed to have established themselves on the banks of the Caucasian rivers as far back as 3000 B.C. They multiplied so fast, we are told, that four hundred years after their arrival numbers of them wandered forth to seek a new home. They hurried along the northern coast of Africa and entered Spain by what was then the Isthmus of Hercules.acrescendo:
I have not had an opportunity of following the more recent anthropological studies of Señor Anton Ferrandez in connection with the subject of the first inhabitants of Spain, but in some of his lectures in the Athenaeum of Madrid he has propounded a theory that the two primitive races of Spain were that of the Cro-Magnon and that of the Celto-Slav. His conviction had been supported, moreover, by the recent discovery of prehistoric antiquities in Egypt analogous to those that have been found in Spain such as stone instruments, ornamental vases, and pictorial engravings upon rocks, representations of men and animals. In certain cases the signs discovered on Egyptian rocks have been found to be identical with those found in central Spain (Fuencaliente, Cueva di los Letreros, etc.) ; even the red colour with which some of them were engraved appeared to be the same.... acrescendo às referidas antiqualhas espanholas semelhantes às egípcias, acresce recentemente a indicação de ADN ibérico em faraós egípcios.
Furthermore, we learn from the chronicle of Idatius, written in the fifth century, that the Roman Emperor Theodosius was born in the town of Cauca, in the province of Galicia. No one can say with certainty where the town of Cauca was situated, but it is thought to have been somewhere between Braga and the river Minho. Now the word cauca in the language of the ancient Scythians meant "white", and the name of the mountains of Georgia which divide Europe from Asia is "Caucasus", said to have been given to them on account of their peaks being eternally "white" with snow. So here we have at least one Asiatic Iberian name given to a town of Galicia, and we should in all probability find others were we to begin to search for them.
The Iberians of the Caucasus are believed to have established themselves on the banks of the Caucasian rivers as far back as 3000 B.C. They multiplied so fast, we are told, that four hundred years after their arrival numbers of them wandered forth to seek a new home. They hurried along the northern coast of Africa and entered Spain by what was then the Isthmus of Hercules.acrescendo:
I have not had an opportunity of following the more recent anthropological studies of Señor Anton Ferrandez in connection with the subject of the first inhabitants of Spain, but in some of his lectures in the Athenaeum of Madrid he has propounded a theory that the two primitive races of Spain were that of the Cro-Magnon and that of the Celto-Slav. His conviction had been supported, moreover, by the recent discovery of prehistoric antiquities in Egypt analogous to those that have been found in Spain such as stone instruments, ornamental vases, and pictorial engravings upon rocks, representations of men and animals. In certain cases the signs discovered on Egyptian rocks have been found to be identical with those found in central Spain (Fuencaliente, Cueva di los Letreros, etc.) ; even the red colour with which some of them were engraved appeared to be the same.... acrescendo às referidas antiqualhas espanholas semelhantes às egípcias, acresce recentemente a indicação de ADN ibérico em faraós egípcios.