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Traffic Signs

30.03.11
ATTENTION to ALL
PHOENICIAN, GREEK, ROMAN seamen!

All ships, quadrirreme, navis lusoria, etc...
 when passing the Pillars of Hercules
PLEASE TURN RIGHT

This is just a temporary restriction 
for no more than one or two thousand years.

THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE
HELP US KEEP OUR HISTORY BOOKS
PLAIN AND SIMPLE 

Traffic Control acknowledges your cooperation!

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... if you are puzzled about the new traffic control in our lives, 
perhaps it is time to think how old it must be:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

Tags:

publicado às 03:46

Traffic Signs

30.03.11
ATTENTION to ALL
PHOENICIAN, GREEK, ROMAN seamen!

All ships, quadrirreme, navis lusoria, etc...
 when passing the Pillars of Hercules
PLEASE TURN RIGHT

This is just a temporary restriction 
for no more than one or two thousand years.

THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE
HELP US KEEP OUR HISTORY BOOKS
PLAIN AND SIMPLE 

Traffic Control acknowledges your cooperation!

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... if you are puzzled about the new traffic control in our lives, 
perhaps it is time to think how old it must be:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

Tags:

publicado às 03:46

Traffic Signs

29.03.11
ATTENTION to ALL
PHOENICIAN, GREEK, ROMAN seamen!

All ships, quadrirreme, navis lusoria, etc...
 when passing the Pillars of Hercules
PLEASE TURN RIGHT

This is just a temporary restriction 
for no more than one or two thousand years.

THINK ABOUT THE FUTURE
HELP US KEEP OUR HISTORY BOOKS
PLAIN AND SIMPLE 

Traffic Control acknowledges your cooperation!

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
... if you are puzzled about the new traffic control in our lives, 
perhaps it is time to think how old it must be:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

Tags:

publicado às 19:46

 (continuation from here)

We proceed with the account of Galvano's text:  Tratado dos descobrimentos antigos e modernos (1563)

Chinese sailing. In the beginning of his text Galvão brings the dispute on the first sailing achievements. In 1560 he has no problem in giving some credit to Indians or Chinese (and Taibencos - a name now lost, it may be associated to Thailand and other Southeast Asian cultures). In fact he states that the weather is so warm and the seas are so calm, that even in a canoe discoveries could be made.

Jason and Alceus. Galvão places the legend of Jason (and Alceus) with the Argonauts, around the same time. The voyage was from Crete (or Greece) to the Pontus through St. George to the Euxinus. Then Alceus continued traveling by land until North Germany, and proceed by the coast of Saxonia, Frisia, Nederlands, France, Spain reaching again the Peloponnesus and Tracia - this he calls the “discovery of most part of Europe”.
Jason's voyage to Colchis with the Argonauts - "ancient" names of Caucasian provinces.
... one should ask - an epopee reporting a short voyage - almost a fishing trip! 

Menelaus. Like Duarte Pacheco Pereira, Galvão quotes Strabo (that cites Aristonico) to credit the voyage of Menelaus around Africa (counterclockwise) , and almost offers no doubt about it. He emphasizes that the Mediterranean Sea was called Adriatic, Aegean, or Herculeo... according to different times. Like Pacheco Pereira, it is now Galvão that diminishes this 15th century Portuguese achievement of Gama, crediting it to Menelao, after Troy.
We now have two accounts of ancient sailing… Menelao embarked on a journey around Africa, Ulysses was lost sailing on unknown seas (… probably the Atlantic) at the time of Troy. 
Previously, when Galvão mentions Troy, he says that it was founded (around 800 years after the Deluge) by the Dardanes “who brought from the Indies to Europe spices, drugs, and so many other things that are scarce now”. He also says that their main port was called Arsinoe (complaining that it was renamed Suez), and the trade continued in caravans of camels to the Eastern Sea, to a town called Cazom, all this before Pharaoh Senusret.

Solomon. Galvão gives credit to King Solomon travels, in the years 1300 after the Deluge. Solomon made an army that embarked on a three year sailing journey to lands called Tarcis and Ophir. As they brought many gold, silver, cypress and pine, he then assumes that the only possibility is that they had sailed to Luzon (Philippines: Luções), Okinawa (Japan: Lequios) or China. Galvão deliberately misses to justify the gold… it may seem he is avoiding to identify Tarsis with Spain or to locate Ophir in America, where these materials were common.  

Spanish Carthaginians. Around 600 BC, Galvão also accounts a voyage of Carthaginians merchants that departing from Spain, going west, discovered islands (attributed to be the Antilles), and found land that Gonzalo de Oviedo considered to be Nova España.
This just means that even Gonzalo de Oviedo (1478-1557), the Spanish historian, was diminishing the pioneer voyage of Columbus, crediting a similar accomplishment by Carthaginians 2000 years before… Why?
At the time of Gonzalo Oviedo it was clear that Columbus voyage only served political purposes. Portuguese, had been there before, and it was somehow important to show that Spanish were there even much earlier, even if at the time they were Carthaginians.

Hanno. This is perhaps the most common name associated to Carthaginian sailing. It is reported that him and his brother Himelion were rulers of Andalucía and each one went on separate sailing trips in 440 BC. 
  • Himelion went upwards until France, Germany, probably Sweden and even Iceland. Galvão associates it to the Iceland island Thule (66º N), so cold that he calls it “St. Patrick’s Purgatory”, and describes the volcanoes, one of which was called Ecla (~Katla?). He goes even further, saying that the fish were so big that a church was made from the bones (this might sound not so surprising today, as we are acquainted with whales dimensions… but it could sound bizarre at the time. Reports sound strange and fabulous if you are not familiar with them, and when you are instructed to reject them).
     
  • Hanno went along the Coast of Africa, finding the Fortunate Islands that Galvão associates to the Canaries, and other archipelagos: Dorcadas, Hesperias and Gorgonas. Concerning these islands he just says that others associate them to the Cape Verde archipelago. Like Duarte Pacheco Pereira, both based on Strabo’s account, state that Hanno made the whole tour of Africa until Guardafuy Cape, previously called Aromatic Cape. Of course he says that others pretend that he never went further than Sierra Leona, and that he was followed by Publio only until the Line (?~Equator Line). However Galvão argues that it took 5 years to Hanno to return to Spain, and this would have been too much time for such a travel... probably meaning (in an implicit fashion) that Hanno’s visit to the Hesperides and other islands was in the American continent.

Persians. Galvão also states that previously to Hanno, in the year 485 BC, the Persian emperor Xerxes sent his nephew Sataspis to make the same contour of Africa.

The most impressive conclusion that one gets while seeing all the list made by Galvão is that Atlantic navigations were quite common in all times, and were reported by different civilizations. 
Nowadays, since the celebrated Kon Tiki and other solitary navigations in small boats, it was made clear to the general audience that the major difficulty in ancient sailing was orientation, which was not a problem for sailors with some knowledge of the stars and sun movements... it could be a problem only to produce exact charts. 
  • Despite the evidences, people are led to believe that a short voyage from Greece to the Black Sea could justify the writing of Jason's epopee... knowing that it is more difficult to sail between greek islands.
  • Or even more ridiculous... we are led to believe that the Greeks would gather in a voyage to Troy that it was in the nearby shore, Troy would be closer to Mycenae/Athens than to other greek cities like Miletus...
  • Le coup de grâce, we are led to believe that Ulysses adventure, 10 years lost in the sea, was held in the Mediterranean... as if it was possible to a Greek sailor to be that lost in the Mediterranean.
As a consequence, if we are led to believe in all this, since we were young, it is easy to control our mind and the way we think.

(to be continued)

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

publicado às 16:56

 (continuation from here)

We proceed with the account of Galvano's text:  Tratado dos descobrimentos antigos e modernos (1563)

Chinese sailing. In the beginning of his text Galvão brings the dispute on the first sailing achievements. In 1560 he has no problem in giving some credit to Indians or Chinese (and Taibencos - a name now lost, it may be associated to Thailand and other Southeast Asian cultures). In fact he states that the weather is so warm and the seas are so calm, that even in a canoe discoveries could be made.

Jason and Alceus. Galvão places the legend of Jason (and Alceus) with the Argonauts, around the same time. The voyage was from Crete (or Greece) to the Pontus through St. George to the Euxinus. Then Alceus continued traveling by land until North Germany, and proceed by the coast of Saxonia, Frisia, Nederlands, France, Spain reaching again the Peloponnesus and Tracia - this he calls the “discovery of most part of Europe”.
Jason's voyage to Colchis with the Argonauts - "ancient" names of Caucasian provinces.
... one should ask - an epopee reporting a short voyage - almost a fishing trip! 

Menelaus. Like Duarte Pacheco Pereira, Galvão quotes Strabo (that cites Aristonico) to credit the voyage of Menelaus around Africa (counterclockwise) , and almost offers no doubt about it. He emphasizes that the Mediterranean Sea was called Adriatic, Aegean, or Herculeo... according to different times. Like Pacheco Pereira, it is now Galvão that diminishes this 15th century Portuguese achievement of Gama, crediting it to Menelao, after Troy.
We now have two accounts of ancient sailing… Menelao embarked on a journey around Africa, Ulysses was lost sailing on unknown seas (… probably the Atlantic) at the time of Troy. 
Previously, when Galvão mentions Troy, he says that it was founded (around 800 years after the Deluge) by the Dardanes “who brought from the Indies to Europe spices, drugs, and so many other things that are scarce now”. He also says that their main port was called Arsinoe (complaining that it was renamed Suez), and the trade continued in caravans of camels to the Eastern Sea, to a town called Cazom, all this before Pharaoh Senusret.

Solomon. Galvão gives credit to King Solomon travels, in the years 1300 after the Deluge. Solomon made an army that embarked on a three year sailing journey to lands called Tarcis and Ophir. As they brought many gold, silver, cypress and pine, he then assumes that the only possibility is that they had sailed to Luzon (Philippines: Luções), Okinawa (Japan: Lequios) or China. Galvão deliberately misses to justify the gold… it may seem he is avoiding to identify Tarsis with Spain or to locate Ophir in America, where these materials were common.  

Spanish Carthaginians. Around 600 BC, Galvão also accounts a voyage of Carthaginians merchants that departing from Spain, going west, discovered islands (attributed to be the Antilles), and found land that Gonzalo de Oviedo considered to be Nova España.
This just means that even Gonzalo de Oviedo (1478-1557), the Spanish historian, was diminishing the pioneer voyage of Columbus, crediting a similar accomplishment by Carthaginians 2000 years before… Why?
At the time of Gonzalo Oviedo it was clear that Columbus voyage only served political purposes. Portuguese, had been there before, and it was somehow important to show that Spanish were there even much earlier, even if at the time they were Carthaginians.

Hanno. This is perhaps the most common name associated to Carthaginian sailing. It is reported that him and his brother Himelion were rulers of Andalucía and each one went on separate sailing trips in 440 BC. 
  • Himelion went upwards until France, Germany, probably Sweden and even Iceland. Galvão associates it to the Iceland island Thule (66º N), so cold that he calls it “St. Patrick’s Purgatory”, and describes the volcanoes, one of which was called Ecla (~Katla?). He goes even further, saying that the fish were so big that a church was made from the bones (this might sound not so surprising today, as we are acquainted with whales dimensions… but it could sound bizarre at the time. Reports sound strange and fabulous if you are not familiar with them, and when you are instructed to reject them).
     
  • Hanno went along the Coast of Africa, finding the Fortunate Islands that Galvão associates to the Canaries, and other archipelagos: Dorcadas, Hesperias and Gorgonas. Concerning these islands he just says that others associate them to the Cape Verde archipelago. Like Duarte Pacheco Pereira, both based on Strabo’s account, state that Hanno made the whole tour of Africa until Guardafuy Cape, previously called Aromatic Cape. Of course he says that others pretend that he never went further than Sierra Leona, and that he was followed by Publio only until the Line (?~Equator Line). However Galvão argues that it took 5 years to Hanno to return to Spain, and this would have been too much time for such a travel... probably meaning (in an implicit fashion) that Hanno’s visit to the Hesperides and other islands was in the American continent.

Persians. Galvão also states that previously to Hanno, in the year 485 BC, the Persian emperor Xerxes sent his nephew Sataspis to make the same contour of Africa.

The most impressive conclusion that one gets while seeing all the list made by Galvão is that Atlantic navigations were quite common in all times, and were reported by different civilizations. 
Nowadays, since the celebrated Kon Tiki and other solitary navigations in small boats, it was made clear to the general audience that the major difficulty in ancient sailing was orientation, which was not a problem for sailors with some knowledge of the stars and sun movements... it could be a problem only to produce exact charts. 
  • Despite the evidences, people are led to believe that a short voyage from Greece to the Black Sea could justify the writing of Jason's epopee... knowing that it is more difficult to sail between greek islands.
  • Or even more ridiculous... we are led to believe that the Greeks would gather in a voyage to Troy that it was in the nearby shore, Troy would be closer to Mycenae/Athens than to other greek cities like Miletus...
  • Le coup de grâce, we are led to believe that Ulysses adventure, 10 years lost in the sea, was held in the Mediterranean... as if it was possible to a Greek sailor to be that lost in the Mediterranean.
As a consequence, if we are led to believe in all this, since we were young, it is easy to control our mind and the way we think.

(to be continued)

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

publicado às 16:56

 (continuation from here)

We proceed with the account of Galvano's text:  Tratado dos descobrimentos antigos e modernos (1563)

Chinese sailing. In the beginning of his text Galvão brings the dispute on the first sailing achievements. In 1560 he has no problem in giving some credit to Indians or Chinese (and Taibencos - a name now lost, it may be associated to Thailand and other Southeast Asian cultures). In fact he states that the weather is so warm and the seas are so calm, that even in a canoe discoveries could be made.

Jason and Alceus. Galvão places the legend of Jason (and Alceus) with the Argonauts, around the same time. The voyage was from Crete (or Greece) to the Pontus through St. George to the Euxinus. Then Alceus continued traveling by land until North Germany, and proceed by the coast of Saxonia, Frisia, Nederlands, France, Spain reaching again the Peloponnesus and Tracia - this he calls the “discovery of most part of Europe”.
Jason's voyage to Colchis with the Argonauts - "ancient" names of Caucasian provinces.
... one should ask - an epopee reporting a short voyage - almost a fishing trip! 

Menelaus. Like Duarte Pacheco Pereira, Galvão quotes Strabo (that cites Aristonico) to credit the voyage of Menelaus around Africa (counterclockwise) , and almost offers no doubt about it. He emphasizes that the Mediterranean Sea was called Adriatic, Aegean, or Herculeo... according to different times. Like Pacheco Pereira, it is now Galvão that diminishes this 15th century Portuguese achievement of Gama, crediting it to Menelao, after Troy.
We now have two accounts of ancient sailing… Menelao embarked on a journey around Africa, Ulysses was lost sailing on unknown seas (… probably the Atlantic) at the time of Troy. 
Previously, when Galvão mentions Troy, he says that it was founded (around 800 years after the Deluge) by the Dardanes “who brought from the Indies to Europe spices, drugs, and so many other things that are scarce now”. He also says that their main port was called Arsinoe (complaining that it was renamed Suez), and the trade continued in caravans of camels to the Eastern Sea, to a town called Cazom, all this before Pharaoh Senusret.

Solomon. Galvão gives credit to King Solomon travels, in the years 1300 after the Deluge. Solomon made an army that embarked on a three year sailing journey to lands called Tarcis and Ophir. As they brought many gold, silver, cypress and pine, he then assumes that the only possibility is that they had sailed to Luzon (Philippines: Luções), Okinawa (Japan: Lequios) or China. Galvão deliberately misses to justify the gold… it may seem he is avoiding to identify Tarsis with Spain or to locate Ophir in America, where these materials were common.  

Spanish Carthaginians. Around 600 BC, Galvão also accounts a voyage of Carthaginians merchants that departing from Spain, going west, discovered islands (attributed to be the Antilles), and found land that Gonzalo de Oviedo considered to be Nova España.
This just means that even Gonzalo de Oviedo (1478-1557), the Spanish historian, was diminishing the pioneer voyage of Columbus, crediting a similar accomplishment by Carthaginians 2000 years before… Why?
At the time of Gonzalo Oviedo it was clear that Columbus voyage only served political purposes. Portuguese, had been there before, and it was somehow important to show that Spanish were there even much earlier, even if at the time they were Carthaginians.

Hanno. This is perhaps the most common name associated to Carthaginian sailing. It is reported that him and his brother Himelion were rulers of Andalucía and each one went on separate sailing trips in 440 BC. 
  • Himelion went upwards until France, Germany, probably Sweden and even Iceland. Galvão associates it to the Iceland island Thule (66º N), so cold that he calls it “St. Patrick’s Purgatory”, and describes the volcanoes, one of which was called Ecla (~Katla?). He goes even further, saying that the fish were so big that a church was made from the bones (this might sound not so surprising today, as we are acquainted with whales dimensions… but it could sound bizarre at the time. Reports sound strange and fabulous if you are not familiar with them, and when you are instructed to reject them).
     
  • Hanno went along the Coast of Africa, finding the Fortunate Islands that Galvão associates to the Canaries, and other archipelagos: Dorcadas, Hesperias and Gorgonas. Concerning these islands he just says that others associate them to the Cape Verde archipelago. Like Duarte Pacheco Pereira, both based on Strabo’s account, state that Hanno made the whole tour of Africa until Guardafuy Cape, previously called Aromatic Cape. Of course he says that others pretend that he never went further than Sierra Leona, and that he was followed by Publio only until the Line (?~Equator Line). However Galvão argues that it took 5 years to Hanno to return to Spain, and this would have been too much time for such a travel... probably meaning (in an implicit fashion) that Hanno’s visit to the Hesperides and other islands was in the American continent.

Persians. Galvão also states that previously to Hanno, in the year 485 BC, the Persian emperor Xerxes sent his nephew Sataspis to make the same contour of Africa.

The most impressive conclusion that one gets while seeing all the list made by Galvão is that Atlantic navigations were quite common in all times, and were reported by different civilizations. 
Nowadays, since the celebrated Kon Tiki and other solitary navigations in small boats, it was made clear to the general audience that the major difficulty in ancient sailing was orientation, which was not a problem for sailors with some knowledge of the stars and sun movements... it could be a problem only to produce exact charts. 
  • Despite the evidences, people are led to believe that a short voyage from Greece to the Black Sea could justify the writing of Jason's epopee... knowing that it is more difficult to sail between greek islands.
  • Or even more ridiculous... we are led to believe that the Greeks would gather in a voyage to Troy that it was in the nearby shore, Troy would be closer to Mycenae/Athens than to other greek cities like Miletus...
  • Le coup de grâce, we are led to believe that Ulysses adventure, 10 years lost in the sea, was held in the Mediterranean... as if it was possible to a Greek sailor to be that lost in the Mediterranean.
As a consequence, if we are led to believe in all this, since we were young, it is easy to control our mind and the way we think.

(to be continued)

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

publicado às 08:56

The most astonishing account of the world discoveries that survived to our eyes, is probably the one by Galvão (Antonie Galvano). We cite the 1601 preface to the translation of Discovery of the World, made by Richard Hakluyt, addressed to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salsbury, spymaster at the service of Queen Elizabeth I:
"The work though small in bulk contained so much rare and profitable matter, as I know not where to seek the like, within so narrow and straight a compasse".

Hakluyt seemed truly surprised and marvelled with Galvano's account... in particular he emphasizes the causes of the alterations of courses from East to West, and the ceasing of all traffic by the Goths invasion. This means that this information was kept secret in England, even to Robert Cecil, a spymaster... high rank English officials were starting to discover a completely different story. Some years after this publication, a civil war would be lead against the monarchy, by Cromwell. 

In Galvão you may found a consistent theory with statements of previous contacts between China, Europe and America. Some of these relations are now accepted, but most of them were lost in History books, some are made myths, or simply foolish theories - you pick!

King Tubal. Galvão starts to recall the Hispanic myth of King Tubal that in the year 143 after the Biblical Deluge travelled from the Caucasus to the Iberian Peninsula. This is quite interesting as the Caucasus may be divided in three regions, Colchis, Iberia and Albania. Colchis links to the east part of the Black Sea, Albania to west part of the Caspian Sea, and Iberia was in the middle… Mount Ararat is nearby, in Armenia.
Caucasus Kingdoms: a sketch in the “Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography” by Samuel Butler

Colchis is associated to the trip of Jason and the Argonauts, searching the Golden Fleece of its King Aeetes (son of the sun-god Helios and of the oceanid Perseis). 
The association of the Caucasian Iberia and the Iberian Peninsula is only kept through this legend? 
It is worth noting also that Albania became a country located west, above Greece. These caucasian lands were later connected to the Alans that invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the 5th century AD. The name Lancaster was written in Portuguese as Alancastro, meaning “Castle of the Alans”… but this is a later story.
Galvão states that navigations already took place by the time of King Tubal. 
The name Tubal was associated to the portuguese city Setubal and nearby Troia (Troy, in portuguese)... until the XIX century. You may think that after the Spanish Inquisition, no such thing exists anymore, or you may wonder if a soft inquisition takes place - secrets are kept with intelligence... and agencies!
A work that is not known is not a menace, you just have to control the damage... if it happens to be known to a larger audience, you descredit them with a respectable academic lobby. You just have to wait, and people will forget about it.

Galvão also talks about the mythical voyage of the amazon queen Semiramis to Ethiopia and the defeat of an Indian King Escorobatis, with a fleet of one thousand ships, near the Hindu river. 

King Hispalo. Galvano continues, stating that by the year 650 after the Deluge, King Hispalo of the Iberian Peninsula sailed up to Cape Verde. He goes even further, saying that Gonzalo de Oviedo (in “Chronicas das Antilhas”) conjectured that Hispalo even went to the Antilles, and this was the reason why Antilles were called Hesperides in ancient times. He then relates in a subtle way the Atlantis account of Plato to the whole America, and goes even further saying that their Kings were at some time the Lords of “our lands”. He goes even further, and the text is worth reading… (for instance, he mentions lost islands of Calex and Frodisias, and that Azores and Madeira Islands were just a part of a whole land. Gibraltar Strait was closed, Sardinia and Corsica were gathered, Sicily and Italy too… ) 

Connecting islands to main lands in ancient times, he also states that Ceylon might have been connected to India, and Sumatra to the Malayan Peninsula, profiting to declare also a connection to a nearby firm land, that he does not name... but it could be seen as a report of Australia (only officially discovered centuries after Galvano’s text). 

Going further on, he reports also a probable connection between Sumatra and Java (named Samatra and Jaoa in the text) and other islands until Borneo. He also mentions a probable ancient connection between China and Hainan (Aynao) island. These explanations were given to justify some difference to Ptolemy maps that he believed that should deserve more credit. 

Pharaoh Senusret. Galvão also reports sailings in Pharaoh Senusret (Sesostres) time, around 900 years after the Deluge, before the War of Troy. He also mentions that Senusret made a channel between the Red Sea and the Nile at the city of Seroum (probably Sharuna). This was made to ease the trade between India with Europe. However he then states that this took no effect “otherwise Africa would be an island”!! Anyhow, from this information, using Google Maps, we noticed a huge valley  going from the Nile into the Red Sea.

(to be continued)

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

publicado às 18:40

The most astonishing account of the world discoveries that survived to our eyes, is probably the one by Galvão (Antonie Galvano). We cite the 1601 preface to the translation of Discovery of the World, made by Richard Hakluyt, addressed to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salsbury, spymaster at the service of Queen Elizabeth I:
"The work though small in bulk contained so much rare and profitable matter, as I know not where to seek the like, within so narrow and straight a compasse".

Hakluyt seemed truly surprised and marvelled with Galvano's account... in particular he emphasizes the causes of the alterations of courses from East to West, and the ceasing of all traffic by the Goths invasion. This means that this information was kept secret in England, even to Robert Cecil, a spymaster... high rank English officials were starting to discover a completely different story. Some years after this publication, a civil war would be lead against the monarchy, by Cromwell. 

In Galvão you may found a consistent theory with statements of previous contacts between China, Europe and America. Some of these relations are now accepted, but most of them were lost in History books, some are made myths, or simply foolish theories - you pick!

King Tubal. Galvão starts to recall the Hispanic myth of King Tubal that in the year 143 after the Biblical Deluge travelled from the Caucasus to the Iberian Peninsula. This is quite interesting as the Caucasus may be divided in three regions, Colchis, Iberia and Albania. Colchis links to the east part of the Black Sea, Albania to west part of the Caspian Sea, and Iberia was in the middle… Mount Ararat is nearby, in Armenia.
Caucasus Kingdoms: a sketch in the “Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography” by Samuel Butler

Colchis is associated to the trip of Jason and the Argonauts, searching the Golden Fleece of its King Aeetes (son of the sun-god Helios and of the oceanid Perseis). 
The association of the Caucasian Iberia and the Iberian Peninsula is only kept through this legend? 
It is worth noting also that Albania became a country located west, above Greece. These caucasian lands were later connected to the Alans that invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the 5th century AD. The name Lancaster was written in Portuguese as Alancastro, meaning “Castle of the Alans”… but this is a later story.
Galvão states that navigations already took place by the time of King Tubal. 
The name Tubal was associated to the portuguese city Setubal and nearby Troia (Troy, in portuguese)... until the XIX century. You may think that after the Spanish Inquisition, no such thing exists anymore, or you may wonder if a soft inquisition takes place - secrets are kept with intelligence... and agencies!
A work that is not known is not a menace, you just have to control the damage... if it happens to be known to a larger audience, you descredit them with a respectable academic lobby. You just have to wait, and people will forget about it.

Galvão also talks about the mythical voyage of the amazon queen Semiramis to Ethiopia and the defeat of an Indian King Escorobatis, with a fleet of one thousand ships, near the Hindu river. 

King Hispalo. Galvano continues, stating that by the year 650 after the Deluge, King Hispalo of the Iberian Peninsula sailed up to Cape Verde. He goes even further, saying that Gonzalo de Oviedo (in “Chronicas das Antilhas”) conjectured that Hispalo even went to the Antilles, and this was the reason why Antilles were called Hesperides in ancient times. He then relates in a subtle way the Atlantis account of Plato to the whole America, and goes even further saying that their Kings were at some time the Lords of “our lands”. He goes even further, and the text is worth reading… (for instance, he mentions lost islands of Calex and Frodisias, and that Azores and Madeira Islands were just a part of a whole land. Gibraltar Strait was closed, Sardinia and Corsica were gathered, Sicily and Italy too… ) 

Connecting islands to main lands in ancient times, he also states that Ceylon might have been connected to India, and Sumatra to the Malayan Peninsula, profiting to declare also a connection to a nearby firm land, that he does not name... but it could be seen as a report of Australia (only officially discovered centuries after Galvano’s text). 

Going further on, he reports also a probable connection between Sumatra and Java (named Samatra and Jaoa in the text) and other islands until Borneo. He also mentions a probable ancient connection between China and Hainan (Aynao) island. These explanations were given to justify some difference to Ptolemy maps that he believed that should deserve more credit. 

Pharaoh Senusret. Galvão also reports sailings in Pharaoh Senusret (Sesostres) time, around 900 years after the Deluge, before the War of Troy. He also mentions that Senusret made a channel between the Red Sea and the Nile at the city of Seroum (probably Sharuna). This was made to ease the trade between India with Europe. However he then states that this took no effect “otherwise Africa would be an island”!! Anyhow, from this information, using Google Maps, we noticed a huge valley  going from the Nile into the Red Sea.

(to be continued)

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

publicado às 18:40

The most astonishing account of the world discoveries that survived to our eyes, is probably the one by Galvão (Antonie Galvano). We cite the 1601 preface to the translation of Discovery of the World, made by Richard Hakluyt, addressed to Robert Cecil, Earl of Salsbury, spymaster at the service of Queen Elizabeth I:
"The work though small in bulk contained so much rare and profitable matter, as I know not where to seek the like, within so narrow and straight a compasse".

Hakluyt seemed truly surprised and marvelled with Galvano's account... in particular he emphasizes the causes of the alterations of courses from East to West, and the ceasing of all traffic by the Goths invasion. This means that this information was kept secret in England, even to Robert Cecil, a spymaster... high rank English officials were starting to discover a completely different story. Some years after this publication, a civil war would be lead against the monarchy, by Cromwell. 

In Galvão you may found a consistent theory with statements of previous contacts between China, Europe and America. Some of these relations are now accepted, but most of them were lost in History books, some are made myths, or simply foolish theories - you pick!

King Tubal. Galvão starts to recall the Hispanic myth of King Tubal that in the year 143 after the Biblical Deluge travelled from the Caucasus to the Iberian Peninsula. This is quite interesting as the Caucasus may be divided in three regions, Colchis, Iberia and Albania. Colchis links to the east part of the Black Sea, Albania to west part of the Caspian Sea, and Iberia was in the middle… Mount Ararat is nearby, in Armenia.
Caucasus Kingdoms: a sketch in the “Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography” by Samuel Butler

Colchis is associated to the trip of Jason and the Argonauts, searching the Golden Fleece of its King Aeetes (son of the sun-god Helios and of the oceanid Perseis). 
The association of the Caucasian Iberia and the Iberian Peninsula is only kept through this legend? 
It is worth noting also that Albania became a country located west, above Greece. These caucasian lands were later connected to the Alans that invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the 5th century AD. The name Lancaster was written in Portuguese as Alancastro, meaning “Castle of the Alans”… but this is a later story.
Galvão states that navigations already took place by the time of King Tubal. 
The name Tubal was associated to the portuguese city Setubal and nearby Troia (Troy, in portuguese)... until the XIX century. You may think that after the Spanish Inquisition, no such thing exists anymore, or you may wonder if a soft inquisition takes place - secrets are kept with intelligence... and agencies!
A work that is not known is not a menace, you just have to control the damage... if it happens to be known to a larger audience, you descredit them with a respectable academic lobby. You just have to wait, and people will forget about it.

Galvão also talks about the mythical voyage of the amazon queen Semiramis to Ethiopia and the defeat of an Indian King Escorobatis, with a fleet of one thousand ships, near the Hindu river. 

King Hispalo. Galvano continues, stating that by the year 650 after the Deluge, King Hispalo of the Iberian Peninsula sailed up to Cape Verde. He goes even further, saying that Gonzalo de Oviedo (in “Chronicas das Antilhas”) conjectured that Hispalo even went to the Antilles, and this was the reason why Antilles were called Hesperides in ancient times. He then relates in a subtle way the Atlantis account of Plato to the whole America, and goes even further saying that their Kings were at some time the Lords of “our lands”. He goes even further, and the text is worth reading… (for instance, he mentions lost islands of Calex and Frodisias, and that Azores and Madeira Islands were just a part of a whole land. Gibraltar Strait was closed, Sardinia and Corsica were gathered, Sicily and Italy too… ) 

Connecting islands to main lands in ancient times, he also states that Ceylon might have been connected to India, and Sumatra to the Malayan Peninsula, profiting to declare also a connection to a nearby firm land, that he does not name... but it could be seen as a report of Australia (only officially discovered centuries after Galvano’s text). 

Going further on, he reports also a probable connection between Sumatra and Java (named Samatra and Jaoa in the text) and other islands until Borneo. He also mentions a probable ancient connection between China and Hainan (Aynao) island. These explanations were given to justify some difference to Ptolemy maps that he believed that should deserve more credit. 

Pharaoh Senusret. Galvão also reports sailings in Pharaoh Senusret (Sesostres) time, around 900 years after the Deluge, before the War of Troy. He also mentions that Senusret made a channel between the Red Sea and the Nile at the city of Seroum (probably Sharuna). This was made to ease the trade between India with Europe. However he then states that this took no effect “otherwise Africa would be an island”!! Anyhow, from this information, using Google Maps, we noticed a huge valley  going from the Nile into the Red Sea.

(to be continued)

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

publicado às 10:40

Main Facts (2)

12.11.10
Continuation from Main Facts (1)

While facing a version of Columbus official History, we may choose to believe in different stories and films. It is well known that, before Columbus, regular voyages to the West were taking place, and the Portuguese knew exactly were Columbus had landed. In fact, King John II set immediately a fleet to the Antilles to prevent a second expedition. The official version has been ridicularized ever since, using an underground style in Art. For instance, the Harlequin, or Pulcinella, and his mistress Columbine (Pierrot's wife) try to tell part of the story, in a 16-17th century Comedy style.

A "Pulcinella secret" is understood to be a secret that almost everyone knows, but nobody acknowledges it... In this Columbine ball, the European courts found an amusing way to exclude the people from the truth. Moreover, in Spain, Pulcinella was also called Don Cristobal Polichinelo. Thus, you have the pair Don Cristobal and Columbine, it is not exactly Don Cristobal Columbus, but it would be difficult to be more explicit.
The Columbine ball.
(Disclaimer: no connection is intended with "Bowling for Columbine")

4. Pizzigano map
The oldest Portuguese chart held by Prince Henry in 1424 reports not only Madeira and Canary islands, but also Azores (only officially discovered in 1432). Moreover it signals as Archipelagos the Antilles in a red rectangle, and Satanazes in a blue one... almost 70 years before Columbus voyage.
In the map below we drew blue lines departing from a center marked in Spain (near Madrid, which was a small village at the time), crossing this blue "Satanazes" rectangle. This opens all directions to New Scotia and Newfoundland archipelagos. Likewise, from the same center, crossing the red "Antilles" rectangle, this leads directions to the same Antilles... that were uncovered (say discovered) by Columbus many decades later.
For sailor, directions were much more important than distances.
Pizzigano map 1424 - West lands: Antilles (red) and Satanazes (blue):
- (our) blue lines - directions to Newfoundland from a marked center in the map. 
- (our) orange lines - directions to the Antilles from a marked center in the map
- (our) blue line - from the "Island Maydas"; (our) pink line - from the "Island Brazil".
The same lines in Google Maps, showing the directions to Newfoundland and Antilles. 

Again, it is just a matter of common sense:
- Officially, since 1432 the Portuguese were sailing to Azores in a regular basis.
- Azores archipelago is almost in the middle of the Atlantic.
- You need much more navigation skills to find Azores in the middle Atlantic than to find America.
- A voyage from Lisbon to Azores would take approximately the same time as a voyage from Azores to Newfoundland.
- It is much more difficult to find small islands in the middle of the Atlantic than to find a huge continent like America, unless we admit a persistent navigation to the West.


Why is this is not being told?
... Well, it may be a ball, but we were not invited to dance, we are here to serve.

5. Anian Strait or Bering Strait
In the late 1597 the Portuguese cartographer Lavanha started a map that he called "Theatrum Mundi"... this is a good title, as Shakespeare plays were starting at the time.
Lavanha's map c. 1597-1612 (see full map in Theatrum Mundi)


This map is quite precise, except if you look at the bottom part, which may represent the Antartica continent (however, Australia seems to be always missing).
The most astonishing thing in this map is the precision with which the northern part of America is represented, suggesting that the Northwestern Passage, officially only discovered by Amundsen in the 20th century, was already known (at least 300 years before).
The Bering Strait is represented exactly, but since Vitus Bering would only be born almost 100 years later, it was then called Anian Strait. The map is much more precise than a 1570 Ortelius map, that also presents an Anian Regnum at the Strait location.

- What do people say about this?
Nowadays - nothing! In fact Portuguese navigations are kept hidden from almost every foreign course on History... sometimes people mention Prince Henry or that Columbus lived in Portugal. 
This map is found in a huge collection called Portugaliae Monumenta Cartographica (1960), and you would expect to see some words about this there... well, you do not see anything, except some words concerning the history of the map itself, and its date. 
It was dated between 1597-1612, and this would justify the presence of the Davis Strait (1587, however the handwriting is different), Nova Zemla uncovered in 1597, Hudson Bay (1611), but not the Baffin Bay (1616), not to mention the whole northwestern and northeastern passages.

What did people say about this... in the past?
We cite the Portuguese mathematician Pedro Nunes in 1537:
"There is no doubt that the navigations of this kingdom, in the last 100 years, are the greatest, the most wonderful, most higher and discrete than any other people in the world (... The Portuguese) lost their fear so much that they went to the hottest places in the torrid zone and to the coldest places in the extreme south (...) And they made the sea so flat that today nobody dares to say that he discovered again some small island, some banks, or even cliffs, that were not previously discovered by our navigations".


Pedro Nunes died in 1578, the same year King Sebastian died in the Battle of Alcazar (this fact lead Portugal to be a part of the Spanish empire during 80 years). This foreign tragic event lead to one of the first English plays, by George Peele called The Battle of Alcazar (before Shakespeare's plays).


We are led to think that it would be quite difficult to produce an accurate map in frozen seas in the 16th century. Thus, we also present a detail of the so-called Cantino Map (Cantino was an italian spy, that sent a map to the Duke of Ferrara in 1502). This map presents Greenland with the most astonishing precision in 1502 (Corte-Real went there in 1500):

Greenland: in Cantino's map (1502); on the right: in Google Maps.

6. Hierusalem with a portuguese flag
We find in a map by João de Lisboa, a strange detail - a Portuguese blue flag in Jerusalem.
Detail in a map by João de Lisboa (c. 1514, Livro de Marinharia)

In the 12th century Crusades, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was conquered by King Baldwin, but it was then soon lost to Saladin (1187). From that date until Napoleon's short incursion into Palestine, and before the Balfour declaration (1917), it was never reported any other conquest.


However it is clear that this flag is not a coincidence.
It is known that Afonso de Albuquerque lead a huge war effort in the Red Sea, conquering even Suez (near the channel). When he was deposed by King Manuel, sending a new Vice-Roy to India in 1515, it is reported that he was intending to conquer Mecca from the Mamluks, and ask in exchange the Holy Land - Hierusalem. 
Albuquerque is reported dead in 1515, in “grief with the replacement”... Soon afterwards, in 1517, the Ottomans defeat the Mamluks and assume the control of Jerusalem.


- What did happen? Are we allowed to guess?
We cite part of a message sent by the Shah of Persia, Ismail I (just before the battle of Chaldiran), to the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, in 1514:
  I know the Truth as my supreme guide,
  I would sacrifice myself in his way,
  I was born yesterday, I will die today,
  Come, whoever would die, here is the arena


As we know, Ismail was not the only one defeated in a battle in the name of Truth… 


(to be continued)

Autoria e outros dados (tags, etc)

publicado às 04:32


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